2022年11月22日星期二

UK Property - No running from tax hikes... 20221122

Since our 13th May, 20th May & 20th September bearish analysis of the UK property market, things have not improved on any front. Now, the Autumn Statement 22 just delivered by the Chancellor either added or worsened headwinds the UK is facing: as we have feared, higher taxes will now follow the double whammy of higher finance cost and higher inflation... 

Some significant tax hikes are summarised here:

Higher rate payers now hit sooner

  • 1/4 million more people in Britain would pay the top rate tax as a result;
  • Higher earners start paying top rate of tax earlier - threshold lowered to £125,140 from £150,000:

Dividend tax allowance halvings

  • allowance will be halved from £2,000 to £1,000 and then halved again to £500 in 2024 - will hit entrepreneurs and small businesses most

Capital Gains Tax exemption cut

  • annual exemption will halve from £12,300 to £6,000 from April 2024, then drop to £3,000 from April 2025
  • People will hold off from selling, or quick spike in sales before implementation of the new threshold

Other key changes:

  • 6-year freeze on the personal allowance = millions pay more tax;
  • The Inheritance Tax nil rate band have been frozen at £325,000 until 2028 = pay more if values increase;
  • The Residence nil rate band have been frozen at £175,000 until 2028 = pay more if values increase;
  • Energy firms hit with Windfall Tax of 35%, up from the 25% already levied = no cash left to invest in supply to alleviate high energy costs;

In the meantime, the pace of inflation keeps accelerating - the Oct reading is now a new high of 11.1% YoY:

all while our expected peak of price-earnings-ratio may have now arrived too - suggesting underperformance in home prices vs income (probably anaemic given the worst economic outlook on record - see article 2 for details):

On top of all these, the life of landlords will continue to deteriorate as residual rights to their own property get progressively pried out of their hands, see article 1 below.

As a result of these alarming datapoints, and our expectation of further GBP weakness, the reason to keep holding properties there is diminishing by the day... Sell if you have not already started. The winter is only beginning...


---------------------------article 1 - below are our extracts-----------------------------------------------

A FAIRER PRIVATE RENTED SECTOR?

21 Oct 2022 by ALEXANDER CLARKE

On 11 October 2022, the Government confirmed it would commit to a manifesto pledge and honour the White Paper ‘A Fairer Private Rented Sector’. This means a ban on no-fault evictions for private renters and essentially scrapping Section 21 of the Housing Act 1988, amongst other new measures.

No more no-fault evictions?

  • As part of this proposed change, a landlord would no longer have the right to end the tenancy for no reason and it would be necessary to give reasons (i.e. rent arrears, breach of tenancy) and pursue a possession order under Section 8 of the Housing Act 1988.
Decent homes standard

  • As part of the White Paper, the Decent Homes Standard, which already applies to social housing, will be extended to the private sector.

Other proposals

Other measures in the White Paper include:
  1. Introducing a new single Ombudsman to whom all private landlords must be answerable
  2. A new Property Portal to help landlords to understand, and comply with, their responsibilities, as well as giving councils and tenants the information they need to tackle rogue landlords.
  3. Stronger enforcement powers for local authorities
  4. Only allowing increases to rent once per year, end the use of rent review clauses, and improve tenants’ ability to challenge excessive rent increases through the First Tier Tribunal.
When?

The proposals will require legislation before they come into force and it was expected that Government would introduce a ‘Renters Reform Bill’, encompassing the above proposals, in 2023.

-----------------------------------------article 2-below are our extracts-------------------------------

UK faces longest recession since records began, Bank of England says

Karen Gilchrist NOV 3 2022

KEY POINTS
  • The Bank of England said Thursday that the U.K. is facing its longest recession since records began.
  • The central bank described the outlook for Britain’s economy as “very challenging,” noting that unemployment would likely double during the country’s two-year slump.
  • The BOE raised interest rates by an historic 75 basis points Thursday, its largest hike in 33 years.

2022年11月15日星期二

香港樓市已死?20221115

最近,香港樓價已進入下降周期之說似乎漸成共識,特別是中原指數自2019年起三頂不破而轉頭向下,上周更跌至新低後(見【圖一】中綠線)。至今該指數已由高位累跌12%:

圖一:以不同貨幣計價的樓價指數


但對身處世界各地的投資者來說,回報的計算總是會以本國熟悉的貨幣為計價單位,因此只有當環球大多數投資者以本身角度去量度都同時觀察到樓價下降時,香港樓價進入跌市之判斷才能成為「客觀的共識」。

為確定香港樓價下跌是否真的已成共識(【圖一】似乎暗示時機未到),筆者由以下主要貨幣著手:

一)非美元地區(以美匯指數計價,代表其成份籃子內國家之集體共識;以下簡稱“美指籃子”)

二)歐盟區(以歐元計價);

三)英國(以英鎊計價);和

四)全球的黄金投資者(以金價計價)


港樓對海外投資者而言仍處牛市

從發達經濟體(即美匯指數中六大國貨幣,見【圖三】)角度來看,以港元(【圖二】中藍線)計價之樓價下跌勢頭並未被以美匯指數計價的樓價趨勢(紅線)確認:

圖二:以非美元計價的樓價仍呈上漲趨勢

事實上,以美指籃子計算的價格仍處上升通道,不論是從長期趨勢(綠色虛線)抑或中期走勢(紅色虛線),甚至是更短線的角度(藍色虛線)都可觀察到!這表明,對於經合組織的一般投資者而言,香港房地產仍是一項上升中的資產。

圖三:美匯指數由六種貨幣構成


港樓對歐羅區投資者更顯強勢

對歐元區投資者而言,港樓的上漲勢頭似乎比以美匯指數及港幣計價更加強勁,而過去數月歐元的急跌使以歐元計算的香港樓價在【圖四】中紅色虛線通道內加速上漲: 

圖四:歐羅區投資者可能正目睹香港樓價加速上行


英國投資者亦見升勢?

同樣,雖然自1981年以來,因美元及英鎊如影隨形而兩個貨幣計價之樓價指數難捨難分,但是自2015年起之英鎊貶值潮導致以其計價之指數開始拋離港元指數,而近期英鎊的急跌,更造就了英國投資者「感覺」香港樓價正在加速上漲的現象!

圖五:英國投資者可能覺得香港樓價正強勁反彈中

自約翰遜執政起的英鎊弱勢(拙劣的脫歐安排及瘋狂的疫下封城政策?)造就了香港資產在疲軟英鎊環境下不斷走強的現象。


黃金是唯一拋離香港房產的貨幣?

對信奉黃金價值的投資者而言,似乎奇蹟出現!以黃金計價的香港樓價,1997年的高峰仍然是未被超越的最高點,意味著從黃金這種貴金屬的角度來看,港樓仍處於一個長線熊市:

圖六:黃金強於港幣,但小幅突破正在發生?

儘管香港樓價指數已經衝破了短線運行通道頂部(【圖六】紅色虛線),但若明年戰爭風險擴大,則黃金可能會重奪主導地位,而以黃金計價的香港樓價亦會逆轉向下。時間會證明一切。


強勢貨幣進口通縮,在萬物騰貴下並非壞事!

在過去40多年的低通脹期内,每當美元疲軟時與美元掛鉤的香港資產通常會走強,如80年代中及2000年早期(見【圖七】)美元弱勢時樓價升勢強勁,反之亦然(主要在90年代後期):

圖七:美元疲軟對房價有利,反之亦然;這次會否一樣?

然而,當下是否會重複類似70至80年代初的強美元環境,令流動性回流美國而產生通貨緊縮?這又與時下超高通脹環境如何互動?今輪美元走強是否是降低「生活成本危機」風險的一個契機?

這是一個非常有趣的議題,在香港短暫的貨幣歷史中肯定是從未見過的…上述研究表明,雖然筆者看跌港幣計價的樓價,但在全球貨幣角度來看,樓市進入熊市之判斷似乎仍言之過早。



筆者特別鳴謝香港大學會計及金融系李旻軒同學協助收集及整理本文相關數據及圖表

2022年11月9日星期三

Bloomberg Talk - How Rate Hikes & Inflation Could Impact the Property Market in 2023

I would like to thank Bloomberg for the invitation to be on the panel on November 8, 2022. At the event, I highlighted the impact of rate hikes & inflation on global housing markets and discussed the opportunities that may lie ahead.

Below is a short extract of some salient points in the presentation.



Event overview:

Aggressive interest-rate hikes could worsen the outlook for global housing markets, particularly Hong Kong, which might continue to follow the U.S. in lifting mortgage rates aggressively until mid-2023. The Hong Kong housing market 2023 outlook versus other major markets like the UK and Singapore will be discussed, and explore if commercial and industrial properties could be an inflation hedge and outperform home prices in Hong Kong.